Lord Atkin, jiska asli naam James Richard Atkin tha, ek prasiddh British judge aur lawyer the, jo modern law of negligence ke janak ke roop mein jaane jaate hain. Born on 28 November 1867 in Brisbane, Australia, unhone apna jeevan nyay vyavastha ko badalne mein bitaya, especially through landmark cases. He passed away on 25 June 1944 in Aberdyfi, Wales, at the age of 76, bronchitis se. Unki biography ek inspiring kahani hai immigrant roots se uthkar House of Lords tak pahunchne ki, jisme Welsh aur Australian heritage ka mishran hai.
Biography and History (Lord Atkin Biography, Net Worth and Properties)
लॉर्ड एटकिन का इतिहास Australia ke Brisbane se shuru hota hai, jahaan ve Robert Travers Atkin aur Mary Elizabeth Ruck ke eldest putra the. Unke pita Irish the, jo Queensland mein journalist aur politician bane, lekin 1872 mein tuberculosis se mar gaye. Iske baad, Atkin apni maa aur do bhaiyon ke saath Wales laut aaye, jahaan unki naani ne unka palan poshan kiya. Yeh bachpan garibi aur struggle se bhara tha, lekin isne unme egalitarian views paida kiye, jo baad mein unke judgments mein dikhe. Growing up in Wales, unhone Welsh culture ko apnaya, aur apne Irish-Welsh-Australian background ko proudly represent kiya.
Unki history judicial reform aur civil liberties se juda hai, jahaan unhone wartime powers ke against bold dissents diye. Politically, unke pita ki legacy ne unhe inspire kiya, lekin Atkin ne law ko chuna over politics. Unhone World War I ke dauran intelligence work bhi kiya, aur post-war era mein legal education ko promote kiya.
Education (Study)
Atkin ki shiksha Wales mein shuru hui. He attended Friars School in Bangor from 1876, phir Christ College, Brecon in 1878, jahaan unhone classics padha. Baad mein, 1885 mein Magdalen College, Oxford gaye, jahaan unhone demyship scholarship jeeti aur classics mein second-class honors ke saath BA in 1890 haasil kiya. Oxford mein unhone literae humaniores padha, aur Welsh identity ko mazboot kiya. Law ki study Gray’s Inn se ki, jahaan 1891 mein bar call hue. Unki education ne unhe strong foundation diya commercial law aur jurisprudence mein, jo unke career ka base bana. He later advocated for legal education in universities, chairing the Council for Legal Education.
Awards and Honors
फ्रैंक एटकिन को kai honors mile, reflecting unki judicial excellence. In 1913, judge banne par knighthood mila (Sir James Richard Atkin). 1919 mein Privy Councillor (PC) bane, aur 1928 mein life peerage as Baron Atkin of Aberdovey, allowing him to sit in the House of Lords. He received an honorary fellowship from Magdalen College, Oxford in 1924, aur Fellow of the British Academy (FBA) tha. 1938-1944 tak London Welsh Trust ke President rahe. Posthumously, unki legacy ko celebrate kiya gaya, jaise 2012 mein Brisbane mein plaque unki birthplace par, marking 145th birth anniversary aur Donoghue v Stevenson ke 80 years. No major international awards jaise Nobel, lekin unke judgments ko legal world mein highest praise mila, often called “judicial courage” ke symbols.
Wife and Family
Lord Atkin ki shaadi Lucy Elizabeth “Lizzie” Hemmant se 1893 mein hui, jo Brisbane ke unke pita ke friend William Hemmant ki beti thi. Engagement five years tak chali, aur ve over 46 years saath rahe, jab tak Lizzie ki death 1939 mein. Unke aath bachche the: chhah betiyaan aur do bete. Elder son World War I mein maara gaya, aur ek beti Rosaline barrister bani, jo rare tha us time women ke liye. Unka grandson Toby Low, 1st Baron Aldington tha, jo politician bane. Parivaar close-knit tha, with Atkin focusing on family life despite busy career. Unhone Welsh roots ko family mein zinda rakha, aur Aberdovey mein summers bitaye. Unki maa aur bhaiyon ka bhi strong influence tha, especially after early hardships.
Work and Career
Unka career law practice se shuru hua. 1891 mein bar call ke baad, initially struggle kiya, lekin commercial law mein expertise banayi, especially Stock Exchange cases. 1906 mein King’s Counsel (KC) bane, aur 1913 mein King’s Bench Division judge appoint hue. 1919 mein Court of Appeal gaye, aur 1928 mein Lord of Appeal in Ordinary, House of Lords mein. Notable work includes Donoghue v Stevenson (1932), jahaan unhone “neighbour principle” establish kiya for negligence tort. Liversidge v Anderson mein dissent diya civil liberties par, wartime detention ke against. Bell v Lever Brothers mein common mistake par judgment diya. Unhone Gray’s Inn ko revive kiya as Treasurer, aur legal education promote kiya through lectures aur committees. World War I mein intelligence mein kaam kiya, aur post-war criminal appeals handle kiye. Unki career judicial independence aur common sense par based thi.
Property, Income, Investment, Net Worth
Lord Atkin ki property details limited hain, given historical context. Unhone 1912 mein Craig-y-Don naam ka house khareeda Aberdovey, Wales mein, jahaan summers bitate the aur local community mein involved rahe, as Justice of the Peace aur Merionethshire Quarter Sessions chair. Yeh beachside property unka favorite retreat tha. Income primarily judicial salary se thi; as a Lord of Appeal, annual salary around £5,000 (equivalent to about £300,000 today), plus barrister earnings earlier, jo successful practice se lakhs mein hoti.
Investments likely conservative, like property aur savings, lekin no specific records. Net worth upon death not publicly documented, but estimates based on era’s judicial wealth suggest £50,000 to £100,000 (about £2-4 million today), including house aur savings. No lavish estate reports; unhone modest life jeeya, focusing on family aur public service. Historical figures ke liye exact net worth calculate karna mushkil hai, as no modern disclosures.
In summary
Lord Atkin ki zindagi ek misaal hai perseverance aur justice ki. Unhone law ko insaniyat se joda, aur wartime mein civil rights ki ladai laadi. Unki legacy Donoghue case aur dissents mein jeevit hai, inspiring generations of lawyers. Wales aur Australia dono unhe apna maante hain, with plaques aur commemorations.
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