Islam Karimov Biography, Uzbekistan ke first president aur ek authoritarian dictator the, jo apne 27 saal ke rule (1991-2016) ke liye jaane jaate hain, marked by suppression of dissent, economic isolation, aur human rights abuses. Born on January 30, 1938, in Samarkand, Uzbekistan (then part of the Soviet Union), to a Tajik father (Abdulkarim Karimov, a clerk) aur Uzbek mother (Malika, housewife), unhone apna jeevan Soviet engineering se political power tak bitaya.
Unki biography ek complex tale hai, jahaan communist cadre se independent Uzbekistan ke architect banne ka safar shamil hai, but dark side mein Andijan massacre jaise atrocities. Karimov died on September 2, 2016, at age 78, from complications of a cerebral hemorrhage in Tashkent, after being hospitalized on August 27. His history reflects Soviet legacy to post-independence authoritarianism, with a cult of personality built around him as “Father of the Nation.” Educated at Tashkent Polytechnic Institute (mechanical engineering, 1966), followed by economics degrees from Tashkent State University (1970) aur advanced studies in Moscow, unhone career State Planning Committee mein shuru kiya as engineer.
By 1980s, communist party mein rise hui, becoming First Secretary of Uzbekistan Communist Party in 1989, succeeding Rafiq Nishonov. 1990 mein, unhe president elected kiya gaya Soviet republic ke head as, aur 1991 independence ke baad, Uzbekistan ke first president bane, ruling until death. Unka rule initial reforms se shuru hua—economy liberalization, but quickly authoritarian bana, with opposition banned, media censored, aur secret police (SNB) empowered.
1999 referendum mein life presidency approve hui, allowing indefinite rule. Economic policies cotton monoculture par focused, leading to environmental disasters like Aral Sea shrinkage, aur corruption scandals, especially daughter Gulnara ke through. International relations tense rahe, with US bases post-9/11 allowed but later closed (2005) after Andijan crackdown. Karimov ki history power consolidation ki hai, but low profile personal life ke saath, avoiding public scrutiny.
Crime, Jail, and Low Profile
इस्लाम करीमोव के crimes Uzbekistan ke repressive history ka core hain, including mass killings aur torture, but unhone kabhi jail nahi dekhi—unka regime opponents ko jails mein daalta tha. As ruler, unhone Andijan massacre (May 13, 2005) authorize kiya, jahaan security forces ne unarmed protesters par fire kiya, killing 187-700 civilians (official 187, eyewitnesses thousands), including women aur children, in a crackdown on economic unrest. UN aur Human Rights Watch ne isse crimes against humanity declare kiya, with reports of boiling prisoners alive in Jaslyk prison (closed 2019).
Other crimes include 1999 bombings in Tashkent (16 killed), blamed on militants but suspected false flag to justify crackdown. Thousands tortured in prisons, with deaths in custody like Muxtor Bosimov (boiled alive 2002) aur others from beatings. Corruption widespread, with family embezzling billions from telecom aur cotton industries. No personal jail; post-death, no trials, as successor Shavkat Mirziyoyev ne selective reforms kiye but Karimov ko “father figure” rakha.
Low profile: During rule, unka image reclusive tha, rare public appearances, focusing on security. Post-2016, unki legacy low hai internationally, but Uzbekistan mein mixed—official mourning, but dissidents criticize.
Family, Child, and Wife
इस्लाम करीमोव की family modest origins se hai, but power mein lavish rahi. First wife Natalya Petrovna Kuchmi, Russian, se 1964 mein shaadi hui, jisse ek son Petr Islamovich Karimov paida hua (b. 1965, low-profile, possibly abroad). Yeh marriage 1966 mein divorce mein khatam hui. Second wife Tatyana Karimova (née Akbarovna, Tajik economist), se 1967 mein shaadi hui, who Institute of Economics researcher thi.
Tatyana low-profile rahi, but post-death interviews mein unki simple life share ki, saying “We lived modestly in a two-room flat initially.” Children: Two daughters—Gulnara Karimova (b. 1972, diplomat, businesswoman, involved in $1 billion telecom bribery scandal, arrested 2014, released 2016 but house arrest) aur Lola Karimova-Tillyaeva (b. 1977, UNESCO ambassador, philanthropist, less controversial).
Grandchildren: Six from daughters, including Gulnara’s son Akbar (b. 1998). Family Tashkent mein luxurious homes mein rehti thi, with Tatyana post-death quiet rahi. No other wives or children known; family corruption scandals mein implicated, like Gulnara’s TeliaSonera case.
Case and Killing (Islam Karimov Biography)
करिमोव के cases human rights abuses se bhare hain, but no conviction during lifetime. Andijan case (2005) mein, UN Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial Executions ne investigation demand ki, but Uzbekistan ne deny kiya, claiming “terrorist attack.” Jaslyk prison case (closed 2019) mein, boiling deaths like 2002 Muxtor Bosimov, investigated by Amnesty but no prosecution. Tashkent bombings (1999) case mein, 16 killed, blamed on IMU militants, but suspected false flag for crackdown.
Killing mein, regime ke under thousands maare gaye—Andijan 700+, 2005 protests 100+, aur prisons mein 1,000+ deaths from torture (boiling, beatings). Opposition leaders jaise Muhammad Bekjanov tortured 12 years. No personal murder case; unki killings state-sponsored the, with EU/US sanctions 2005 se. Post-death, no trials; successor Mirziyoyev ne selective accountability li, but Karimov ko honored rakha.
Where He Lived, Net Worth, Health Issue
इस्लाम करीमोव presidential palace in Tashkent mein rehte the, a fortified complex with multiple buildings, valued at millions, guarded by elite forces. Born in Samarkand, unki early life there guzri, but power center Tashkent bana. Retirement nahi, death tak ruled. Net worth official nahi, but family wealth from corruption estimated $1-3 billion (Rs 8,000-25,000 crore), with Gulnara’s $1 billion telecom bribes, seized post-arrest. Investments in telecom (MTS, TeliaSonera deals), cotton exports, aur foreign properties (Switzerland, Dubai).
Health issues: Long-term problems like hypertension aur heart disease. August 27, 2016, ko cerebral hemorrhage hua, Tashkent clinic mein hospitalized, coma mein rahe, leading to death September 2. Rumors of pancreatic cancer, but official stroke tha. Age 78 par frail the, with mobility aids.
In summary
Islam Karimov ki zindabi authoritarian rule ki misaal hai. Samarkand se Tashkent palace tak, unki history Andijan killings aur repression se bhari hai. Family scandals rahi, but no jail for crimes. Palace mein jeete, billions net worth embezzled, health ne unhe end kiya. Unki legacy Uzbekistan ke suffering ka symbol hai.
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