Robert Mugabe Biography, Zimbabwe ke former president aur ek controversial dictator the, jo apne 37 saal ke rule (1980-2017) ke liye jaane jaate hain, starting from independence hero to authoritarian leader. Born on February 21, 1924, in Kutama village, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), to a Malawian father Gabriel Mugabe (Catholic missionary teacher) aur mother Bona (Shona peasant), unhone apna jeevan anti-colonial struggle se shuru karke power consolidation tak bitaya.
Unki biography ek complex narrative hai, jisme liberation fighter se economic destroyer tak ka transformation shamil hai, ending with his death on September 6, 2019, at age 95, in Singapore from prostate cancer complications. Mugabe ki history peasant roots se shuru hoti hai—father abandoned family when he was 10, leaving mother to raise him and siblings in poverty. Educated at Kutama Catholic Mission School under Father Jerome O’Hea, unhone teaching career shuru kiya at age 17, earning a diploma from University College of Fort Hare (South Africa, 1951), followed by BA from University of Fort Hare (1958), BSc from University of London (1959), aur postgraduate degrees in education and economics.
1960 mein, unhone nationalist politics join kiya, becoming publicity secretary of National Democratic Party (NDP), banned in 1961. Arrested multiple times by Rhodesian government for subversion, 1962-74 tak jail mein rahe, including Chikurubi Maximum Security Prison, where he studied Marx and Lenin. 1975 mein Mozambique shift hokar Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) ke vice-president bane, leading guerrilla war against Ian Smith’s white minority regime. 1980 independence ke baad, prime minister bane, then 1987 mein president, ruling until 2017 military coup.
Unka rule initial reforms se shuru hua—education aur health mein progress, literacy rate 80% pahuncha—but 1990s mein land reforms, election violence, aur economic mismanagement ne hyperinflation (231 million % in 2008) cause kiya, leading to poverty aur emigration. 2017 coup ke baad, low profile life jee, but corruption cases face kiye.
Crime, Jail, and Low Profile
रॉबर्ट मुगाबे के crimes Zimbabwe history ke bloodiest chapters hain, including mass killings aur corruption. As ruler, unhone Gukurahundi genocide (1982-1987) authorize kiya, jahaan North Korean-trained Fifth Brigade ne Matabeleland aur Midlands mein 20,000 Ndebele civilians ko maara, tortured, aur displaced, targeting ZAPU supporters in ethnic cleansing campaign. Mugabe implicated tha, but denied responsibility, calling it “moment of madness.”
2008 election violence mein, ZANU-PF youth militias ne 200+ MDC supporters ko maara, with torture camps like “Base 11” where victims beaten aur killed. Corruption cases mein, unhe diamond trade (Chiadzwa mines) aur land grabs se linked kiya gaya, with family seizing farms from white owners, leading to economic collapse. No jail time for crimes; unhone opponents ko jail mein daala, jaise Aung San Suu Kyi-inspired MDC leaders.
Post-2017 coup, low profile adopt kiya, Harare mein Blue Roof mansion mein rehte hue public avoid kiya, health declining ke karan. 2019 death se pehle, unhe house arrest nahi, but investigations chali for corruption, with no conviction. Low profile life luxury mein guzri, with family protecting assets.
Family, Child, and Wife
रॉबर्ट मुगाबे की family political aur personal scandals se bhari hai. First wife Sally Hayfron, Ghanaian teacher, se 1960 mein shaadi hui, who active rahi ZANU mein, but 1992 mein leukemia se guzar gayi at age 48. Unse ek son tha, Robert Peter Mugabe Jr. (b. 1969), who low-profile rahe, UK mein business kiye, but controversies jaise 2017 London nightclub fight. Second wife Grace Ntombizodwa Marufu, air hostess, se 1996 mein shaadi hui (polygamous, as Sally died), who 20 saal younger thi aur “Gucci Grace” ke naam se infamous for extravagance.
Grace ZANU-PF Women’s League head bani, but corruption scandals jaise $1.35 million credit card spree in Dubai (2014) ne unhe badnaam kiya. Children with Grace: Bona Mugabe (b. 1980, died 2018 from pregnancy complications, named after mother), Robert Jr. (b. 1992, Oxford-educated, involved in family businesses), aur Bellarmine Chatunga (b. 1997, arrested for assault in 2016). Siblings: Six sisters aur brothers, including Bridget Zvobgo (died 2014). Family Harare mein luxurious homes mein rehti thi, with Grace post-2017 low profile adopt kiya, but corruption probes face kiye. No girlfriend scandals; Mugabe’s image family man tha, but Grace’s affairs rumored.
Case and Killing (Robert Mugabe Biography)
मुगाबे के cases international aur domestic level par grave hain, but unhone lifetime mein jail nahi dekhi—unka regime opponents ko targeted kiya. Gukurahundi case mein, 1983-1987 ke massacres ke liye accused, with UN inquiry recommending prosecution for genocide, but Mugabe denied, saying “no genocide.” 2000s election violence cases mein, MDC supporters ke killings ke liye ICC probe chali, but no warrant issued. Corruption cases: 2017 coup ke baad, Grace aur family par $15 million diamond deals probe hui, but no convictions.
Killing mein, unka regime responsible tha 20,000 Gukurahundi deaths ke liye, with rapes, burnings, aur village destructions. 2008 violence mein 200+ opposition members maare gaye, including Tsvangirai supporters tortured. 2017 protests mein 12 killed by army under his orders. Personal killings nahi, but state-sponsored: War veterans jaise Cain Nkala (2001) murdered for land reform opposition. No jail; unhone 1982-1987 tak 10,000+ political prisoners ko torture kiya, many died in custody. Post-coup, low profile mein rahe, avoiding trials.
Where He Lived, Net Worth, Health Issue
रॉबर्ट मुगाबे का primary home Harare ka Blue Roof mansion tha, a 25-room colonial-style house in Borrowdale suburb, valued at $10 million (Rs 83 crore), with pools, tennis courts, aur security, gifted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1980. Post-2017, yahaan low profile jee, with family, avoiding public. Other properties: Farms in Mazowe (seized from whites, Rs 500 crore value), luxury villas in Malaysia aur Singapore for medical trips. Net worth estimated $10-20 million (Rs 83-166 crore), from farms, state salaries ($150,000 yearly), aur corruption like diamond smuggling (family linked to $15 billion Anvers deal).
Investments in agriculture (tobacco farms), real estate abroad, aur offshore accounts, but much seized post-coup—government recovered $4 million cash from home. Health issues plagued late years: Prostate cancer diagnosed 2016, treated in Malaysia, with multiple Singapore trips. 2017 coup ke time, 93 saal ki umar mein frail the, with mobility aids aur cognitive decline rumors. Died September 6, 2019, in Singapore’s Gleneagles Hospital from advanced cancer, after weeks in coma-like state. No jail; death free mein hui.
In summary
Robert Mugabe ki zindagi liberation se dictatorship tak ki misaal hai. Kutama se Harare palace tak, unki history Gukurahundi killings aur economic ruin se bhari hai. Family scandals rahi, but no jail for crimes. Blue Roof mein jeete, Rs 100 crore net worth embezzled, health ne unhe end kiya. Unki legacy Zimbabwe ke suffering ka symbol hai.
